Why does failure occur in work hardening

Surface plastic deformation work hardening is an effective means of increasing the effectiveness of machine parts in the area of low cycle fatigue under various conditions of loading, including in mild and rigid loading, in symmetric and asymmetric load cycles, at normal and high temperatures, and in static and dynamic application of the load.

The main role in increasing the resistance to low cycle fatigue is played by the occurrence in surface work hardening of favorable residual compressive stresses. An additional necessary condition in the choice of methods of surface work hardening in the case of low cycle fatigue is the preservation in the surface layer of a sufficient capacity of the material to accumulate plastic deformation.

In low cycle loading the residual stresses for surface work hardening lead to a reduction in the accumulation of one sided plastic deformation and to a delay in the growth of low cycle fatigue cracks. Changes in the strength properties of the surface layer within certain limits cause an increase in the failure stresses.

The positive effect of surface work hardening in low cycle fatigue has been established experimentally for a large group of engineering materials, including steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys. The greatest effect in increasing the resistance to low cycle fatigue by surface work hardening is obtained for highly plastic and cyclically stabilized materials.

Less effective is the use of surface work hardening for steels with low plasticity and a tendency to deformation aging. There are already examples of the successful production use of surface work hardening for increasing the resistance to low cycle fatigue of a number of machine parts and designs of large welded assemblies, railroad cars, parts with galvanic coatings, etc. Broadening the area of production use of surface work hardening for parts operating under low cycle loading must be given increasing attention.

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